POLITICAL CORRECTNESS
WRITERS – DO YOU SELF-CENSOR?
-Barbara D’Amato
Writers, do you self-censor? I’ll bet you do. I do it too, but should we?
The whole issue of political correctness is troubling. I was reminded of it again when a comment from a blog-reader came in on Marcus Sakey’s recent post. Marcus had called two very good-looking women “hotties” in his report on the Love Is Murder conference and was taken to task by a reader who said the word was not respectful of women.
I think of myself as pretty much of a first amendment absolutist. But there are limits. Certainly I don’t think people should be permitted to write racist, sexists, anti-gay, anti-ethnic, or even lookist graffiti on students’ dorm doors, for example. But the idea of limits on free speech is distasteful too.
Remember Don Rickles’ attack humor. Was it funny? Or was it only funny until your ox was gored?
Remember Jerry Lewis’s make-fun-of-the-handicapped movies? He is rumored to be ashamed of them now.
What about all of us as writers?
Suppose you’re writing a crime novel [and why else are we talking?] You want to characterize someone as potentially a villain. Do you make him unattractive? And bear in mind even the word “unattractive” implies there is beauty out there and some people just don’t have it. Okay. Does he have buck teeth? Is he bandy-legged? Does he have bad skin? People can’t help these things and they aren’t bad just because they’re unattractive by current standards, are they? Well, unattractive habits, then? Doesn’t bathe? Picks his nose? They’re okay. No p.c. offense there.
I don’t know what to think about all this. I don’t know what to do about it when I’m writing and I suspect if I worry too much about it, I’ll be like the centipede who was asked how he knew which leg to move and wound up confused in a ditch.
I don’t know the answer, but I do have some questions:
Shall I include a bigot as a character? It depends on the story, you’ll say. And we can claim that including them and showing what asses they are is a Good Thing. For myself, though, it takes me about a year to write a book, and it’s distasteful to spend all that time with a disgusting personr. Kill him off early? Cop-out.
How about epithets? Can I use the n-word? The f-word? The other f-word? The c-word? They are out there in the real world. Most of us use them mainly in dialogue.
Is it okay to use stereotypes? If I’m writing a mobster, do I give him an Italian name, a big nose and a cigar? I probably can, because I have an Italian last name, but should I?
I find myself sometimes making evildoers tall, good-looking white folks, partly to work against expectations, but that expectation is a form of bias, too, isn’t it? Partly, I’m afraid, it’s cowardice. When we do it, we can claim we’re “casting against type” to surprise or fool the reader. Certainly Agatha Christie did this to great effect. She said she was intentionally using readers’ biases against them when she set up a child as the killer or an elderly man. But in many cases, it’s p.c. caution.
If I really look into myself, I do self-censor, and I’ll bet you do, too.
Is that good or bad?
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50 comments:
My WIP is set in DC in 1941 and if I avoided using the n-word I would be untruthful to the time and the characters.
I also have an effeminate man who is not a good person. I thought about that a lot and decided that's the way he came out and that's the way he's going to stay.
To do otherwise would be being untruthful to whatever it is that makes me write.
Critics and the PC police be damned.
For any crime fiction other than a cozy to ring true, the characters who populate it must be true. To paraphrase Chandler, it may not be a fragrant world, but it is ours.
Your characters are people first, last, and in the middle. That means they're short, tall, fat, thin, ugly, attractive, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, white, black, Hispanic, Asian, racists, victims, gays, assholes, saints, givers, takers, cheaters, handicapped, etc.
They may also speak - MUST also speak, in many cases - using words you or I would never use in polite company. Should offensive language be used gratuitously? No, just as sex and violence should be used judiciously to suit the story. As some people are foul-mouthed and offensive, so will some characters.
For Deadwood fans, picture Al Swearengen without the f word. It's like Dolly Parton without her (insert inoffensive yet descriptive term here).
Political correctness is the kiss of death in fiction, particularly in crime fiction. In my opinion, you will NEVER write anything worth reading if you can't free your mind from the suffocating and destructive censorship of the Social Marxists. Screw them, and if somebody gets offended by an completely innocuous word like "hottie," all I can say is that I don't write books for Rad-Lib idiots and other mentally-unstable children. If I'm not offending PC liberals, then I'm doing something wrong.
Context of course is everything. It isn't political correctness to say that Michael Richards's use of the n-word was offensive. But of course his n-words and, for instance, Mark Twain's (or Richard Pryor's) are not equal. Likewise, Marcus calling his friend Tasha a "hottie" is not the same as a drunken Mel Gibson calling a police officer "sugar-tits" and if you suggest they are then you are an idiot.
The defenders of political correctness won't cop to being idiots but what they will suggest is that other people aren't smart enough to tell the difference. They want to protect idiots from being victimized by complexity, which is a pretty good description of the opposite of what a good writer does.
My main complaint with Marcus's post is that he hasn't learned to use a flash properly. You can't tell from that picture, but Tasha Alexander is indeed a hottie. Inside and out.
Aha! Good. I was hoping to start a vigorous discussion.
David, I agree you have to use the words as they were used in that time period. I wonder, though, if you use them quite as often as they would have back then.
Home Office. Yes, your characters must be true. Wouild you have a bigot, though, who was a good guy in other ways?
Gary said, "If I'm not offending the PC liberals I'm doing something wrong." Go for it.
Kevin, I agree that context is everything. But Michael Richards made his comment on stage, I think. I'm old enough to remember the days when Lenny Bruce was arrested and jailed for saying the m-f- word on stage. So was Richards really wrong and why?
I write fairly hardboiled stuff usually and use all kinds of these words. But I think some of our self-censorship is almost unconscious. It's in "how MUCH of this word do I really need to give the flavor?" Or "can a character like this possibly be a hero?"
Like that.
Barb,
Have you seen the video of that Michael Richards performance? From the way you posed the question I assume that you haven't. The context in which he used it was not satirical or even a part of his act. It was an irate attack against a specific African-American heckler. It might have happened when he was onstage, but it was no less offensive than if it happened on a bus.
As people started to boo and walk out of the club Richards tried to save himself by saying something like, "Those words, we still have those words that you're not supposed to say," but even the next day he was no longer trying to justify it as anything but an eruption of rage.
However, context again: The reaction to the outburst, in which the club owner banned the word from his club, was ridiculous.
Hi, Kevin--
No, I haven't seen any video of the performance. And it does sound ugly. I agree that context makes a difference. Do you feel, then, that if the word had been part of a monologue and not diected at an audience member, it would have been okay?
By the way, the New York city council today, Wednesday, unanimously voted what I take to be some sort of nonbinding resolution that the n-word must not be used by anybody in the city.
Barb.. you asked if a writer would have a bigot who is a good guy in other ways... maybe even a hero. Remember Matt Dillon's character in CRASH? I think he qualifies. In fact I liked the way the stereotypes came er -- crashing-- down in the film.
RE: How much is too much? My WIP is partially set in 1969... and I'm finding a little DOES go a long way. Not just with epithets, but language in general. How many times can a character say "far out"? Or "Spacy" before the reader says, OK I get it? So I do find I'm restraining myself. But that has more to do with good writing than censorship. WHich may be the case when using epithets.
Anyway, this is a fascinating discussion.
Do you feel, then, that if the word had been part of a monologue and not directed at an audience member, it would have been okay?
Again, that would depend. I certainly wouldn't say it's definitely not okay. But I don't think being against political correctness means that nothing can ever be offensive. In this case Richards really had no Lenny Bruce legs to stand on.
Chris Rock uses the n-word in his act and I have no problem with it at all. But when it's used gratuitously, or when it's directed at an individual or used with malice then I think it's inappropriate.
On the other hand, in the context of a fictional story, when a character directs it at an individual, that might be another thing altogether.
Here's a report on that silly resolution you mentioned. Someone quoted in the article says, "It's a derogatory term no matter who uses it. Like if the KKK uses it, it's wrong, but if 50 Cent uses it, it's OK? I don't understand that." But that's a ridiculously simplistic analysis, isn't it? If Paul Bunyan uses an ax it's okay, but if Lizzie Borden uses it it's wrong?
Barb, you talk about self-consorship as if it might be a bad thing. So before you use the f-word or the n-word you ask yourself, "Is this really necessary? Is this something my character would say or think? Does this advance the plot in a constructive way?" But that's good, right? We ask ourselves the same questions every time we're tempted to use an adverb. Is that censorship?
The questions, I guess, are these:
1. As a writer would you ever be willing to say there is a word you will never use?
2. As a writer, would you ever say that any use of any word is always appropriate?
We actually have a relevant debate going on in this state. Barb (or anyone else), how do you feel about the recent retirement of Chief Illiniwek?
Barb,
You're right. I probably don't use the n-word as casually as someone might have in 1941. But I do use colored a lot and one girl refers to pickaninnies.
I also have a bigoted cop who is, otherwise, a decent guy.
As for Lenny Bruce, the reason he was deprived of his right to perform had more to do with the things he was saying about the Catholic church than his use of language. That was just the cudgel they used to beat him.
And this discussion, as we used to say in 1969, is far out. But we never said groovy except ironically.
And anyone who has ever met Tasha and didn't think she was a hottie is blind. That she's smart and generous just makes her all the more beautiful.
Libby--I'm glad to hear you say you restrain yourself. I know I do. And while it's at least partly good writing, I think most of us exercise restraint with "bad" words partly for reasons of distaste.
Kevin--Thanks for the Richards video link. It was truy ugly. Also thanks for the NY resolution report. Ugly as Richards' behavior was, I am far more scared of the state forbidding any element of free speech.
As a writer, is there a word I would never use? I can't think of one. [The phrase 'don't pay me' comes to mind.] As writer, is the use of a word always appropriate? I'm stumped on that one, too, but it's a great question. As for Chief Illiniwek, if he makes people feel uncomfortable, I say lose him. Half time is for fun, isn't it?
David--are you a fellow Lenny Bruce fan? And yes, this discussion is far out. Spiffy, too.
Last--It's not that Tasha isn't a hottie, guys. You're just not supposed to say so. [grin]
Barb,
I've been a Lenny Bruce fan since I was 17 and casually picked up a paperback of How To Talk Dirty and Influence People. For the first time in my short life I realized that I wasn't alone in thinking the things I was thinking.
Have you seen the cartoon Thank You Masked Man? I think you can find it on youtube. It's worth a look.
You guys really know how to make a girl's day. Sorry if that's politically incorrect. ; )
Great post, Barbara, and great discussion.
There's an old PJ O'Rourke line that says something like, "Some people will tell you that you shouldn't make fun of handicapped people, and they're right. But other people will tell you that you can't make fun of handicapped people and they're wrong, just as anyone who's heard the one about Helen Keller falling down a well and breaking three fingers calling for help will tell you."
I will oppose absolutely anyone who tries to tell me I can't say something. But that doesn't mean I shouldn't suffer the public consequences, as Michael Richards has, if I say something I cannot defend.
Illiniwek is a good example, I think. You can go on about tradition all you want but if enough people were hurt by a 20-year-old white frat boy painting his face and doing a made-up halftime dance then they should've knocked it off a long time ago. College mascots just aren't that important and the defense of it just wasn't good enough. But while I think the public effort to convince U of I to dump the Chief was admirable, the NCAA mandate made me uncomfortable. I would like to think Illinois would do the right thing because they take pride in doing it, not because they want to host a field hockey championship or something.
Somebody please organize a campaign to get rid of my alma mater's mascot. Not because it's offensive, but because it's just embarrassing.
Are you with me, Tasha?
I've always believed that the story dictated the telling of it, and for a writer to shy away from a word or attitude for fear of what society or a family member might think was creative and intellectual dishonesty.
Likewise, I'm amazed at people who will happily read about a human being murdered but won't touch a book in which an animal is killed. I have a flash for such people: No animal was killed, it's a work of fiction. And are these people wearing leather shoes, sporting alligator bags and fur collars, eating chicken dinners and reading books whose spines are glued with former equines? Think, people, think. That's all I ask.
David--Thank you! I not only found masked man but a Lenny Bruce Live.
Tasha--Enjoy. Thanks for the message.
Kevin-- Would your mascot be the same if he wore purple or red? I think we have symbolic free speech here.
And also, to send your questions back, is there any word you'd never use? Is the use of any word always appropriate?
Would your mascot be the same if he wore purple or red? I think we have symbolic free speech here.
I am from the school of thought that says a sports team mascot should either be a live animal, or it should be a dude wearing a giant foam head, preferably of an animal. (Although I have a soft spot for this.)
And also, to send your questions back, is there any word you'd never use?
In my work, I reserve the absolute right to use any word I want. Whether I actually do or not would be another story.
Is the use of any word always appropriate?
No, I don't believe it is, which is not the same as prohibiting its use. I'd suggest that any time you use a word that might offend you should be (1.) ready to defend it and (2.) prepared for the blowback.
If writers are afraid to use words, who will?
Hi, Cap'n Bob. Good to hear from you. Yes, it's fiction, and we should be free to write what we damn well want.
And Keith, writers do need to be able to use words without fear. That's one reason I say I dislike what Michael Richards said, but I'm really happy that he can't be arrested for it.
I wonder sometimes whether there's an important difference, though, between being honest and being gratuitously unpleasant. Is there?
And by the way, what does "gratuitously" actually mean? Is this another one of those things like porn that you know it when you see it?
Somebody please organize a campaign to get rid of my alma mater's mascot. Not because it's offensive, but because it's just embarrassing.
Kevin, I'm with you all the way. WHO thought a leprechaun was a good idea, anyway? I'm lost.
I don't think there are any words a writer should refrain from using--not if they fit in the work. That said, I have many readers who thank me (yes, actually thank me) for not using bad language. Now, I refrain from doing so not because I'm opposed to bad language. Anyone who knows me is well aware of that. But it wouldn't fit for my protagonist--a young, aristocratic, Victorian widow--to curse like a sailor.
Barbara said:
And by the way, what does "gratuitously" actually mean? Is this another one of those things like porn that you know it when you see it?
I think that's exactly it. And a large part of determining whether something is gratuitous comes from context.
Hi Kevin...as a resident of Champaign (home of half of the UI campus), I am sad. I always attached dignity and tradition to the Chief, who was a symbol to me not a mascot. Mascots cavort on the sidelines during the game doing somersaults and push-ups (Brutus Buckeye for example).What bothers me most about the 'retirement' is that the first person to make a noise was a tenured professor whose last name is Kauffman. To my knowledge, this man has no native American blood and went so far in his campaign as to send negative letters to any student (or athlete) considering enrolment at UICU and vocally lambast the university that pays his salary (in fact, I pay his salary as do the other citizens of this state). In the name of PC (as well as the need for those major funds brought in by hosting post-season soccer tourneys),the Board of Trustees gave in. The alums however now have a 'martyr'. That will ensure the Chief lives on forever.
Sorry, Kevin, but you asked how I felt :o)
PC in writing? Has anyone here ever read the works of Curt Colbert (Pacific Northwest writer)?He writes post WWII Seattle and uses the vernacular of the time. I like reading him but doubt his vocavulary would be permissible in a contemporary novel.
I wonder sometimes whether there's an important difference, though, between being honest and being gratuitously unpleasant. Is there?
There is, and I believe Moliere wrote a play about it--The Misanthrope
Thanks, Maryann, for the Curt Colbert name, which I had not heard. And thanks, Michael, for the Moliere reference, which I should look at. It's been too long.
And as to "gratuitous" -- why is it we always hear cautions about gratuitous sex and gratuitous violence? I've read a lot of books this year with gratuitous characterization or gratuitous scene setting.
Hi Maryann,
Thanks so much for your comments. I brought up the Chief because I feel the politically correct discussion is all about grey area and Illiniwek was a current issue that stressed this point. I should mention that I'm married to an Illinois grad and although she has almost no interest in sports (to my dismay) she thinks the argument against the Chief is silly.
So obviously it's an issue about which I think intelligent people can disagree. And you give what would seem to be an absurd example of PC protest.
But the problem I have with Illinewek is not that he's disliked by Anglo English professors. What makes me uncomfortable is that there doesn't seem to be (and correct me if I'm wrong) any number of native americans rushing to his defense. Obviously, you feel the Chief brings honor and dignity to native americans and the university might say, sincerely, that they are trying to honor native americans, but if native americans don't feel honored by it then how long should we press the issue? Barb has sent out a call for a definition of gratuitous in this context and I think from a writer's POV it simply means unnecessary. For me Illinewek is just not necessary. It doesn't pass the gratuitous test.
But maybe I'm wrong. You say that Illinewek is a symbol of something and maybe this is what I don't understand. What does he symblolize? What value do you think the Chief has (beyond nostalgia), and what cost are we willing to bear in order to perpetuate it?
I could have a nice little rant about PC-ness, but ... I don't want to be un-PC. ;-) It's definitely a field of gray, but it's such a sore area that whatever you say, people will target you as one side or another.
Anyway, your questions about unattractive qualities reminded me of the bit in The Blade Itself that was so good, I accidentally memorized it. (Sorry, Marcus, I'm sure I'll misquote it.)
Something about him having the "moist stink of a habitual farter." I can't get that phrase out of my mind!
Hi Kevin, don't want to make this topic about The Chief, but I believe there have been Native Americans who have said the chief doesn't insult their sense of dignity or heritage...and anyway, if we're being really politically correct, I am a Native American too :o) Perhaps the PC term would be the one used by the Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. First Nations. That would be more accurate, don't you think? Anyway, the debate on Illiniwek will never really go away, and I believe the original intent of the University was to use a symbol that would portray strength, pride, and courage, no matter what the current definition is. Good for your wife. It is silly to some extent when there are so many other unpolitically correct issues to deal with.
By the way, Barb, I hope you can check out Curt Colbert...his spin on post-war Seattle, with all its gin joints, mod-types, and PI's is worth it(he is hard to find though).
I recently questioned a comment made by a character in the WIP I am developing as being politically incorrect. Then I just relaxed and gave her the voice that seemed to be her natural one.
I believe that if I can't face the nitty-gritty flaws of the people in my stories, then I would have to change sub-genre and start writing cozies...no offense to all Miss Marple fans! Cops and criminals live on the fringes. They need to reflect that, or why bother? And readers always have the option of not buying if offended.
Thank you everybody for writing. I think the interest reflects that this is a real and emotional issue that people cope with daily. I think it really troubles writers, who want to be honest but not, maybe, to hurt people.
Kevin--yes, what do native americans think of the Chief? I haven't heard a lot of defense of him either. Maybe Maryann knows.
Spyscribbler-- if pc is a sore area and people will target you, I'm wondering whether writers also exploit it for attention. Or just to challenge boundaries, which is probably a good thing. What do you think?
Maryann--do you know of responses by First Nations people to the Chief? I would love to hear.
d.a. davenport--people don't have to buy it. Exactly.
Back to "gratuitous" just for a second. Kevin says gratuitous = unnecessary. But why do we single out gratuitous sex and violence? Was some historical detail in THE DA VINCI CODE gratuitous?
Scene setting, characterization, emotional insight, and so on are indeed often gratuitous. And even worse, unlike gratuitous sex and violence they're no longer much fun.
The harsh fact is that any medium has to keep shocking somebody, or it dies. I call this the SI, or Savage Imperative. It's just like how a comedian has to either keep topping the last joke or cease being funny. Like any other field, art needs to keep raising the stakes. As an obvious example, throughout their historical arc, movies have had to show more and more sex and violence to get eyeballs. Once they've shown everything they can, movies will be replaced by another medium.
It doesn't matter whether or not the shocks you get are cheap, mean-spirited, or just plain wrong. They themselves are a -- or even the -- major part of the trunk of the tree of literary history (or of art history, film history, or the history of any medium). If you can't follow the SI and keep the shocks coming, the audience will move on, and the tree will die.
Original post said:
"...I find myself sometimes making evildoers tall, good-looking white folks, partly to work against expectations..."
In this era of white-collar crime and political dishonesty, much or most of which is performed by tall white folks who are sometimes good-looking, where's the surprise to find one a villain in fiction?
Carolyn asks a good question. But I suppose it's like me wondering when a serial killer or child abuser is caught and people say, "Oh, but he looked like such a nice guy" -- why don't they realize that, if he didn't, he wouldn't get many victims? People still have these stereotypes.
To anonymous -- also a good question. Why are you anonymous?
And to all -- what do you think of Bourgeiosophobus's idea? Must art keep shocking to stay alive?
Surely not, Barbara. Actually, the stuff that tries to shock quickly becomes banal. Watch Pulp Fiction. The dialogue is basically "Fuck" and "Nigger." You can stand it once but not five times, whereas you keep revisiting The Big Sleep because the characters and their motives are engaging. "Real" language doesn't necessarily convey real emotion. Ever listen to the Nixon tapes? They're seriously boring; believable dialogue doesn't mimic real speech, it mimics real feeling.
P.S. Calling women "hotties" mimics real juvenility.
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